A. The Facility Management Services and Education
1. Management
As noted in the management of Encyclopedia Americana management is "the art of coordinating the elements of the factors of production towards the achievement of the purposes of an organization," an art that is to coordinate resources to achieve organizational goals organization (www.bpkpenabur.or.id). Organizational resources include man (men), raw materials (materials) and machinery (machines). Coordination is that the goal can be achieved with the organization so that it can efficiently meet the expectations various parties (stake-holders) who have the interests of the organization. Mean while, in the Dictionary of English, defined as the management of resources effectively to achieve the target (Depdikbud, 1988). On the other management are often perceived to be as knowledge, tips, and profession. Told as a science by Luther Gulick because management is seen as a field known who systematically try to understand why and how people work together. Told as a trick by Follet for management to reach the target through ways to manage other people in do task. Seen as a profession because based management by special expertise to achieve a performance of managers and professionals by a code of ethics (Fattah, 2003: 1).
2. Education Facilities and Infrastructure
Education facilities and equipment is the equipment used directly and support the education process, exspecialy learning, such as buildings, classrooms, desks, chairs, and equipment and teaching media. As for the infrastructure of education facilities that are not directly support or detract from the education process of teaching, such as pages, gardens, parks, schools of Islam, the way to the school of Islam, but if used directly to learning, such as garden school for teaching Islamic biological, page school of Islam, as well as field sports, is a component of education (Mulyasa, 2007: 49) According to (book) guarantee the quality of academic guidance, University of Indonesia, the education infrastructure is a key tool supporting the process of education or business in order to achieve educational goals While education facilities are all things that can be used as a tool / media in achieving the purpose or goal.
3. Facility Management Services and Education
From some descriptions above, the management of education facilities and infrastructure can be defined as the process of cooperation function for all education facilities and infrastructure to effectively and efficiently. (Bafadal, 2003). This definition indicates that the facilities and infrastructure in the schools need to use and managed for the benefit of the learning process in schools. Management is intended to be used in facilities and infrastructure in schools can be run effectively, defficiently. Management of facilities and infrastructure are very important activities in schools, because the very existence will support for successful learning in school. In managing the facilities and infrastructure needed in the school as there is a process in which management is, in general, namely: from planning, organizing, setting, maintenance and supervision. What is needed by the schools need to carefully planned related to the facilities and infrastructure that supports all of the learning process. Education facilities is closely associated with all devices, equipment, materials and furnishings that are directly used in the process of learning. While the infrastructure of education related to the completeness of all devices that are the basis not directly support the implementation of the learning process in schools such as space, library, school office, UKS, OSIS space, parking area, laboratory space, etc..
B. Scope Educational Services and Tools
1. Means
Education facilities include furniture and equipment needed as completeness every building / room in the function to improve the quality and relevance of products and services. Based on the type of divided into 2 (two) groups, namely:
a) Learning facilities, including: (1) a means to implement the learning process as the completeness of the classroom, Chalkboard, OHP, LCD, microphone, tools, consumables, materials and others. (2) laboratory equipment, according to the type of each laboratory course.
b) Facility consists of a source learning text books, journals, magazines, information sheets, internet, intranet. CD-ROM and satellite imagery. This source must learn are, chose, and adjusted with the goal of learning.
2. Facility
Infrastructure, education can be divided into 2 (two) groups, namely:
a. Infrastructure building; includes land and buildings for the purpose of building the lecture hall, office space, space as a lecturer /, seminar room, meeting rooms, laboratory space, studio space, library, computer room, trial garden, workshop, public facilities and welfare, such as hospital, the student service center, sports and arts facilities and dormitory.
b. Public infrastructure such as water, sanitation, drainage, electricity, telecommunication network, transportation, parking, parks, forests and lakes campus.
c. Standard Services and Education Facility Education Regulation No. 40 year 2008 about the management of facilities and infrastructure SMK
C. Standard Services and Education Facility
Education Regulation No. 40 year 2008 about the management of facilities and infrastructure SMK
a) Assumption: The system of learning based on the class to run, which means, study groups / group practice does not always settle on a room / place, but move / move the appropriate learning activities must be followed / implemented.
b) Learning: Training and normative part of the adaptive nature classical (one study groups or whole class 1). Training and productive part of the entourage of adaptive learning can be divided into several groups of productive, require as a practical theory, implemented in the practice room.
c) Learning hours / year can not be divided evenly (refer to the concept of block system). Based on the study groups with a composition class per program expertise. When opening more than one class, the calculation of the needs can be done by multiplying the number of classes based on a parallel with the factors to consider (Used Factor) facilities.
d) In general, learning the practice of individuals, then each student gets one tool.
e) Planning Services and Education Facility (Calculation)
Planning of facilities and infrastructure, education is a process of analysis and determination of the needs that are required in the learning process so that up term needs that are required (primary) and the need that support. In the process of planning should be done carefully and closely related to the characteristics of both the facilities and infrastructure that is required, the amount, type (benefit obtained), and its price. In connection with this Jones (1969), explained that the procurement of equipment planning education in schools must begin with the analysis of the types of educational experiences in school program according Sukarna (1987) is as follows:
f) Learning activities that are groups, each tool is more than one student / user.
D. Plan Of Facilities and Infrastucture Education
Planning of facilities and infrastructure, education is a process of analysis and determination of the needs that are required in the learning process so that up term needs that are required (primary) and the need that support. In the process of planning should be done carefully and closely related to the characteristics of both the facilities and infrastructure that is required, the amount, type and difficult (benefit obtained), and its price. In connection with this Jones (1969), explained that the procurement of equipment planning education in schools must begin with the analysis of the types of educational experiences in school program according Sukarna (1987) is as follows:
a) Accommodate all the proposed procurement of school supplies that were submitted by each unit of work or invent and lack of school supplies
b) Plan needs school supplies for a certain period, for example, for one quarter.
c) Integrate the needs of the plan that had been developed with the equipment available before.
d) The plan needs the school budget or funds available. In this case, if the available funds were insufficient for the needs of all that is required, then the selection should be the needs of all equipment that has been planned with see the urgency of each equipment is required. All equipment is registered and urgent precedence there are.
e) The plan (the list) the urgent need for equipment with the funds or the budget available, then the selection should be the priority scale.
f) 6. Determination of the end.
E. Management of Laboratory
Various room / laboratory education function as a place of training students and aims to provide vocational skills to the students, of course, the optimum use of the laboratory will provide the benefits as big as that is to give students vocational skills that powerful. The definition of the optimization space is an effort to optimization the room so that the workshop was to provide benefits support achievement of the goal rooms.
1. Characteristics of the laboratory is managed well
a. Effective support equipment that is improving the quality of the learning process
b. Efficient equipment, namely setting does not dissipate energy, the cost.
c. That is healthy and safe lighting, ventilation, sanitation, clean water, safety and environmental requirements of all.
d. Equipment / facilities are always ready and secure all the equipment / facility avoid damage, congestion and protected from loss.
e. The entire laboratory activity that is easily controlled with the administration of both, the visualization of clear information and a clear program.
f. Meet the psychological needs of the visually interesting and fun, a good working climate and the welfare of birth inner adequate.
2. The characteristics of the room / the optimal use of laboratory
To achieve optimum laboratory note the following among others; laboratory the preparation of schedules, preparation of list of tasks, the layout of the equipment to an efficient, effective maintenance. A laboratory can be said in the optimal use when cirri-have features as follows:
a. eficient the room ranged between 60% - 80%.
b. Program of the room done completely.
c. Managers and staff room / laboratory get satisfaction is optimal.
3. Inventory and Security Equipment and Materials Laboratory
Inventory can be defined as the recording and preparation of goods countries systematically, orderly, and organized based on the provisions or guidelines that apply. This is in accordance with the decision of the Exchequer RI Tax Kep. 225/MK/V/4/1971 that state-owned for example all goods that originate or purchased with funds that they are in whole or part so from Income and Expenditure Budget Country (APBN) funds or other goods under the control of the office department and culture, both inside and outside the country. Activities inventory of facilities and infrastructure of education in the school according to Bafadal (2003) include: (1). Recording facilities and infrastructure can be done in the school books the receipt of goods, not the book inventory, book (cards) stock of goods. (2). Making the code specific to the equipment classified goods inventory. How to make the code of goods and take or write to the agency that supplies goods classified as goods inventory. The aim is to facilitate all parties in the return of all equipment in the school's ownership review, responsible, and the type of the group. Usually, the code of goods that figure shows a numerical or department, location, schools, and goods. (3). All equipment in the school education classified goods inventory should be reported. The report is often referred to by the term mutation goods report. Reporting is done in period, once a quarter. In one academic year, for example, reporting can be done in July, October, January, and April next year. The objective of the inventory as follows:
a. Knowing the type of experiment / research which can be implemented
b. Knowing the amount and type of material and the existence of the equipment
c. Plan order materials / equipment / chemical substances
d. Determine the equipment is good, not good and not working / broken.
4. Security
a. Security doors and windows throughout
b. Security operations laboratory
c. Cleaning up after using it,
d. Setting when something happens that is not desired
5. completeness of the laboratory
Use of tools need to pay attention to the following:
a. The manual
b. Source flow
c. Equipment specifications
d. Function of each part
e. Operations
f. How calibration
g. Improvements to the light damage
6. Care and maintenance:
a. Other short-term and long-term
b. Placement and storage equipment are tailored to the specifications
c. Availability of spare parts (equipment supporting operations)
d. Maintenance and do think physical or calibration
7. Use and Storage of Materials
The biggest source of danger comes from chemicals, Can use in order to run well:
a. It needs serious handling
b. The use must be clear (of what, for what, how, who, how to use, condition, when, where and operator)
c. Special materials / dangerous need to accompanied by laboratory assistant
d. Must consider the accuracy and thoroughness
e. Must be the full responsibility
Errors can cause the material
a. Use of too many
b. Place (warehouse) storage is too narrow
c. Lack of usage and storage facilities, lack of labels and
d. Lack of usage and storage facilities, lack of labels and other information, such as the presence of hazardous materials, procedures of use, and transfer of choose
e. The occurrence of reaction between materials
8. In the space needs for each program skills to use the following formula:
JR=KKR X JKP X JKB
Description
JR = Number of learning needs space
KKR = Coefficients space needs (program specific skills)
JKP = Number of classes that will be parallel
JKB = number of study groups
9. The basic calculation formula simple KKR needs learning space are:
KKR= BR/PR
Description
KKR = coefficients space needs for each type of space
BR = The burden of time-space unity
PR = Use of time-space unity
10. Calculate the coefficients in the demand for a space program skills to use the following formula:
KKR = JPI/JJ I + JPII/JJ II + JP III/ JJ III
JP I, JP II, JP III : Number of hours of use level I, II, III
JJ I JJ II, JJ III: Number of per year / level I, II or III
Note
In one study groups or a class is usually 36 students because they claim the practice of learning is divided into several groups to study / practice with a few possibilities:
a. One study groups study groups = one / practice = 36 students
b. One study groups = two groups of study / practice = 18 students
c. One study groups = four study groups / practices 9 students
Once known the kind of space for conducting the Training of determining the amount of space in the first load still counted each type of space by using the ic
Example Calculations Space Theory
Basic calculation used is as follows:
Wide space of classical learning (R. Theory) is:
Description:
LRT: Area Space Theory
JP: Number of Users (students) 1.5 m²: Standard requirement per student (empirical)
RG: space movement is needed (20% of JPK x 1.5 m²)
Sample the wide space theory
In the theory using the assumption of space with a capacity of 36 students per room people Area Space Theory (LRT) = (36 x 1.5 m²) + 20% (36 x 1.5 m²) = 54 + 10.8 m² m² m² = 64.8 rounded down to 63 m² The size of the correct theory of space 'building module is 9 mx 7 m = 63 m² Calculating PRACTICE ROOM JP LRP x = a + RG + Ris
RG = 20% (P x a) m²
Description:
LRP: Outdoor Practice Area
JP: Number of Users (students)
a: the required floor area per student based on the reference (ILO)
RG: Space movement the students who needed
Ris: Outdoor Area Instructors & Save room (60 m²) space when the practice was held as open space (open layout), namely sub room / work area that is not a wall A: 5 s.d 9 m²
With the basic considerations that one (1) study groups were divided into 2 groups of study / practice, the calculation of sub space / area of practice is 18 students / users, which in certain circumstances where the space factor is relatively small, study groups / practices may be again to only 3 students / users.
Sample the wide space practices:
Note: Number of Students 72 μ 5 m², RG: 20%, Ris: 60 m²
Asked: How knowledgeable practice space
Answer:
Knowledgeable practice space = (72 x 5 m²) + RG + 60 m²
= 360 m² + 72 m² + 60 m² = 492 m²
the size of the practice room with the 'building module' is 60 mx 8 m = 480 m².
Determination TOTAL EQUIPMENT
Number of equipment needs in each room depending on:
1. Functionality;
2. Type of activity undertaken;
3. The number of users;
4. The size of each equipment.
Considerations have dependency with each other, because the assumptions used to calculate the equipment is that the tools inherent in the activities and practices of Expertise Program for Cultivating Fish water are individuals, then the related equipment or used directly by the number of students with the same number of students who practice in a period of practice. Simple formula to calculate the amount of equipment needs: A = SB / SA
Description:
JA: No. of Tools
JS: Number of Students per Group
SA: Number of Students per Tool
11. LAND AREA
minimum land area required for the CMS factor coefficients calculated based on the basic building (Building Coverage) in accordance with the provisions governing the setting of the city plus the land for the needs of ceremonies and sports.
Based on these considerations the needs of area calculation using the formula:
LB
LL = ____________+LO+ LU
KDB *)
Description:
LL: Land Area
LB: Building Size + Infrastructure (20% of the area of)
LO: Local Sports
LU: Field Ceremony
KDB: coefficients Basic Building (Building Coverage)
KDB used to calculate the area in the planning can be dividedØ into three locations, namely on the level of high density, medium and low. To anticipate the development of program expertise and spaceØ group, prepared the land development of 400% of the land according to the needs of the calculation results.
REFERENCES
Fattah, Nanang. 2003. Landasan Manajemen Pendidikan. Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya
Mulyasa. 2007. Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah. Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya
http://www.bpkpenabur.or.id/kps-jkt/berita/200006/artikel3.htm.
http://ridu0ne.wordpress.com/2008/12/16/manajemen-sarana-dan-prasarana-pendidikan- islam/
http://www.psb-psma.org/content/blog/pengelolaan-lab-bagian-1-optimasi-pemanfaatan- laboratorium - 33k
http://www.snapdrive.net/files/571708/penataan%20&%20pengadministrasian.doc
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